The Organizational Learning Strategy And How It Is...

This paper will summarize the organizational learning strategy and how it is significant as well as essential, specifically in the course of the progression periods of a company, or once new technology or new techniques within an industry are implemented. As a result, organizational learning has established itself to be one of the most efficient ways for an entire company, a division or a team to accept a wide range of new polls, tactics and concepts to allow for growth and improvement (Senge, 1990). Thus, when comparing to traditional learning techniques, or classrooms, individual learning schedules and other techniques are employed, organizational learning has proven itself to be far more efficient and effective overall, while costing less time and money among other resources. Nonetheless, Senge (1990) states that when working out an organizational learning strategy, there’s one objective above all that must be considered. Setting clear and concise goals, as by means of all impartialities, is utmost significance. Upon conducting a training needs assessment, or planning out how organizational learning will be disseminated, and eventually figuring out what the final result in goal should be, clear and present goals for each and every step, as well as an ultimate goal, are important to management along with organizational strategy. Introduction Problem solving skills identifies problems that involves others in seeking solutions, conducts appropriate analyses andShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Sia s Leadership For Service Excellence Model1371 Words   |  6 PagesThis is referred to as SIA’s â€Å"Leadership for Service Excellence† model (Wirtz, Heracleous and Pangarkar, 2008). HR strategy begins with recruitment which is extremely rigorous and strict. Out of 18,000 applications received annually, only 10% is hired. After initial training, they are monitored for 6 months and only 75 % are confirmed for an initial contract of five years and 20% get an extension of the probation period and rest have to leave SIA. This strict selection process ensures the merit ofRead MoreTraining, Development, And Performance Appraisals1652 Words   |  7 PagesFormulate training, development, and performance appraisals to increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency Sushanth Thaduri MGT504WP Dr. Jennifer Newman United States University June 23th 2015 Abstract This paper discusses on how training and development of individual employee in an organization improves the efficiency of the organization leading to greater productivity. Training and development is a process of upgrading an individual’s skills or inculcating a new skillRead MoreUnderstanding Feedback Loop in Systems Theory1210 Words   |  5 Pagessubject and learning from when those loops no longer function or learning from negative feedback loops when they are functioning organizations can improve their performance over time. A balancing feedback loop is one where the relationship between the different elements is such that the factors contribute to returning the organization to a base state. One balancing feedback loop at Skype is the balancing loop that suppresses revenue. This loop is, unfortunately for Skype, an essential part of itsRead MoreMy Goals For An Organization Theory And Design1486 Words   |  6 PagesMy desire to shine, personally develop and achieve an outstanding evaluation in every course I take, drives me to set certain learning goals. These goals allow me to track my progress, just how much I am benefiting from a course, and meet the standards for achieving outstanding performance in course assessments. In terms of such learning goals For MGT363-Organization Theory and Design, I want to be able to effectively apply and utilize course content regarding organization theories, and design toRead MoreCosts. Another Area Of Focus In The Needs Analysis Is The1157 Words   |  5 Pagesrecog nized issues against the costs and benefits of the implementation of a solution. In addition, change associated with the introduction of a solution carries risks and measured as well. Furthermore, as employees are pulled away from required essential duties there are additional gambles related to a less than adequate work product being produced by a less experienced individual. Training Solution Proposal After scrutiny of all of the data and analysis results, the time has come to divulge theRead MoreThe Impact Of Change Management On The Organization1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent ways including a change of management, policies, organizational structure, objectives, business climate, employees and operational location. Whatever the reason behind the change, the aim of change management is to ensure it does not have an adverse impact on the organization or its employees and limit the growth of the company or employees’ careers (Bassey et al., 2014). Some of the external factors that influence an organizational change are government policies, technology, business environmentRead MoreCommunication, Conflict, And Conflict1453 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable; on the other hand, the conflict’s outcomes are not predetermined. Conflict may escalate and result in nonproductive outcomes, or it may be beneficially resolved and lead to quality outcomes (Cahn Abigail, 2014). Hence, learning to handle conflict is essential to a team to guarantee high-performance. Even though few individuals search for conflict more frequently than not, conflict comes up due to miscommunication. It occurs between individuals in reference to their values, goals, beliefsRead MoreEthics : The Journal Of Open And Distance Learning917 Words   |  4 PagesAnderson, B., Simpson, M. (2007). Ethical Issues in Online Education. Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 22(2), 129-138. Anderson’s provides insight to process improvement and design from an administrative and technology approach. It looks at complexity in an online environment that impacts physical and linguistic boundaries. The article focuses on process improvement and design from an administrative and technology approach. It looks at complexity in an online environmentRead MoreThe Role Of Social Media On Organizational Performance And Correct Decision Making992 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge is power, which has already been regarded as the essential organizational source in organizational strategy (James, 2004) and knowledge can give organizations competitive advantage so as to face the fierce competition in today’s market environment(Erden et al., 2008). At the same time, utilizing the knowledge can contribute to the good organizational performance and correct decision making, which plays a significant role in organizational innovation (Laudon and Laudon, 2006). Knowledge management Read MoreMotivation To Improve Performance Through Employee Involvement.1571 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership and Organizational Behavior; 520 Dr. Laura Jones Strayer University February 13, 2017 Content 1 Introduction (Motivation through Involvement) 2 The Important Road Ahead (Optimizing Value and Performance) A. What is Motivation B. What is Employee Involvement 3 Leading Characteristics (Management Styles/Organizational Behavior) A. Understanding the Sticks and Carrots B. Stimulating Solution/Feedback 4 The Art of Successful Implementation (Strategy and Result)

Technology And Its Effect On Society Today - 1302 Words

As you look to the left and then to the right it is almost inevitable that you are looking at some form of technology. Imagine living in the world without the simple things that we overlook each and every day, things such as fire, and paper. Imagine the world without cars, TV, or the Internet. Most of us could not envision what life would be like without the many inventions and advancements of technology because we have become so accustomed and consumed by the modern technology all around us. With the inventions of simple technology made long ago, it has transformed the world we live in today by making it fast paced and overall more advanced. Because of the popular use and huge advances in technology it has had both negative and positive effects on society today. The thing that disconnects mankind from animals is the capability to use the mind for reason and conception. Reason is the skill to be able to think, create, understand, and make judgments. Because of this skill, humans hav e the desire to formulate new technology. Over the course of many thousands of years, the inventions of different technologies have been the building blocks for society today. Technology has molded and shaped human history. Looking back on the past, people in the Stone Age did not have the extravagance of using the Internet, the enjoyment of sitting down to watch TV, or simply popping dinner in the microwave. However, they did spend time trying to invent new things, as some do in the presentShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On Society1302 Words   |  6 Pages Technology Dominates Society How has technology affected the everyday life of society today? Is society as social as it use to be before everyone had access to an abundance of technology? Many people believe that the answer to those questions are that society is less social and technology has had a negative impact on humans today. As technology progresses bounteously society begins to rapidly decline. The ways society is negatively impacted socially mentally and emotionally will be analyzed. Read MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesworld is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined theRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1246 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Technology on Society Many years ago, historians believe the future would be an amazing technologically advanced place filled with robots and time traveling. But today no one seems to be shocked by all of the advancements (Negative Effects of Technology). The computers are controlling minds, and humans are acting more as robots than citizens. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic improvement in the development and use of technology. Workplaces have goneRead MoreSociology Lenski Essay724 Words   |  3 Pages| Kirsten Stone Society-Lenski Essay Professor Carver 15 March 2013 Society-Lenski Essay How has human intelligence and curiosity influenced the development of technology throughout history? From the beginning of time, starting with the hunting and gathering societies, technology always existed. Granted it was a lot different than the technology created in the industrial time period and light-years away from the technology we have today. It is human nature to seek out ways to do things betterRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world is increasing very rapidly, and new innovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the liv esRead MoreComputers and the Internet Have Touched Almost All Aspects of Life.1051 Words   |  5 Pagesform. Technology has allowed people to have higher levels of convenience and proficiency. Many people today would find it very difficult to go back to an age where computers were not in existence. In addition, society has become accustomed to on-demand answers or solutions to requests or services and the Internet is the platform which fulfills this need. These are some of the positive effects of technology on society. While there have been many positive effects of computers on society, there haveRead MoreThe Horizon s Setting 2020 Strategy1732 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent two years, specifically inside of the European Commission s Science in Society program, in the Horizon s setting 2020 Strategy. We give a brief verifiable diagram of the idea, and distinguish three particular components that are rising up out of related talks. The principal is an accentuation on the equitable administration of the reasons of exploration and advancement and their introduction towards the right effects . The second is responsiveness, underscoring the joining and regulation ofRead More Early Humans and the Environment Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesupright they began to appreciated some things that we take for granted today like having our hands free, and increased mobility. As humans progressed along their history they earned the distinction of â€Å"homo sapiens†. This title was conferred as the brain casing increased in size indicating the developmental process of human thought. Our ability for abstract thought has given us the ability to effect the places where we live. Today we have the distinction of â€Å"homo sapiens sapiens†, and we are spectatorsRead MoreThe Time Machine, And The Machine Stops By. Forster1526 Words   |  7 PagesProjections that have been made about how today’s society and culture will look in the coming years, decades, and centuries, all have yet to be seen in how valid they are. If you look in any sort of media: television, social media, or radio/music, you will see people giving their interpretations of what will become of our world down the road. Yet, few people look to see how our the current state of culture and society reflect the projections made by people in previous years, decades, and centuriesRead MoreEffects of Modern Technology852 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of Modern Technology Today A popular argument in today’s society is whether or not technology has a negative or positive effect. Whether it is something you see on TV or in one’s own everyday life, it is more popular to see someone’s face focused on a phone screen rather than buried in a book. Over the past few decades, technology has been getting more popular as new developments arise. Not only are cell phones a main priority, but also computers, the internet and video games. Ever since

Goup Decision Making Essay Example For Students

Goup Decision Making Essay Group Decision Making Lets define what is Group Decision Making, decisions made by committees, think tanks, teams and groups. They may include borrowers, lenders, producers, buyers, scientists and other experts, environmentalists, and real estate developers and so on. Decision making skills is one of the most important aspects of management. It involves personal and interpersonal skills, fact finding, logical thinking, creativity, analytical ability, sensitivity to others and assertiveness What are the key steps in making a decision? Whether decisions are straightforward or complex, a systematic approach will lead to success. Setting objectives An objective is a specific step, a milestone, which enables you to accomplish a goal. Setting objectives involves a continuous process of research and decision-making. Knowledge of yourself and your unit is a vital starting point in setting objectives. Strategic planning takes place at the highest levels; other managers are involved with operational planning. The first step in operational planning is defining objectives the result expected by the end of the budget (or other designated) cycle. Setting right objectives is critical for effective performance management. Such objectives as higher profits, shareholder value, and customer satisfaction may be admirable, but they dont tell managers what to do. They fail to specify priorities and focus. Such objectives dont map the journey ahead the discovery of better value and solutions for the customer. The objectives must be focused on a result, not an activity, be consistent, be specific, be measurable, be related to time, be attainable. Collecting information There are several ways to gather information. You can collect information from people, documents, performance data, and observation of events. Also, there are a number of methods for gathering information, including traditional measurement approaches such as tests and ratings, as well as more investigative procedures such as observation, interviews, case studies, and literature review. Each of the chapters in this handbook contains key criteria for the development and use of an effective technology infrastructure. If you employ these criteria as a guide, the first part of your evaluation will really be an audit in the sense that you will be looking retrospectively at the work youve done and determining if it meets the needs of all end users Identifying alternative solutions Once some solutions are found, try to find and alterative to each solution to see if it will work better than the original. Evaluating options Selecting the best option What techniques can I use when making decisions? These might include: Brainstorming A brainstorming session is a tool for generating as many ideas or solutions as possible to a problem or issue. It is not a tool for determining the best solution to a problem or issue. Before beginning any effective brainstorming session, ground rules must be set. This doesnt mean that boundaries are set so tightly that you cant have fun or be creative. It does mean that a code of conduct for person to person interactions has been set. Its when this code of conduct is breached that people stop being creative. The best way to have meaningful ground rules is to have the team create their own. Try performing a mini-brainstorming session around creating brainstorming ground rules. It should provide a nice opportunity to practice the skills necessary for an effective brainstorming session. This also allows the team to take ownership of acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Only if the team hasnt addressed the key ground rules should you (as the facilitator) add to the list. Once the ground rules list is generated be sure to gain consensus that the session will be conducted according to them, and post them in a highly visible location in the room. .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .postImageUrl , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:hover , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:visited , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:active { border:0!important; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:active , .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uedc6641f431bd2c96862539ed8809adf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: School documentaries EssayLateral thinking Lateral thinking an unorthodox approach to problem solving, often looking at a problem from other sides rather than head on. In the face of fast-changing trends, fierce competition and the need to work miracles despite tight budgets, better quality and service are not enough. Creativity and innovation are the only engines that will drive lasting success. Lateral Thinking is essential. Instead of linear or vertical thinking, which relies solely on logic, Lateral Thinking is a deliberate, systematic process of using your ability to think in a different way. These proven methods make insight, creativity, and innovation .

The Caste System- Reaction Response Essay Example

The Caste System- Reaction Response Paper This division in Indian society has existed since time immemorial . This Verna System is the Caste System that is still prevalent n the country . It categorizes the work to be done by each This system is prevalent largely among Hindus , but exists among other religious communities in India as well . Brahmins are considered the highest caste . They are predominantly vegetarians , who are assigned role of priests , teachers or scholars . They enjoy many benefits . Children of these families are expected to Join family profession . Ashtrays were kings and warriors in olden times , presently they are In multifarious professions . Visas , remained traders from the beginning of this Verna dolls , and are soul Into trading . The fourth are the Shudders , who make the serving class In Indian society The Shudders are the fourth and most neglected caste in India . They are also known as Dalais (the down trodden ) and termed Harridans (people belonging to god ) by Mahatma Gandhi . They lead a difficult life , without education and are not allowed to change occupation . The work assigned to them is often unhygienic , contaminating and unhealthy . They are not allowed to enter temples and worship . Even basic amenities like collection of drinking water has to be from wells or taps which are not used by people from higher castes like Brahmins There re divisions in Dalai society too . The Ana (Barber , Dhobi (Washer man ) stand higher than Chamber (Cobbler ) or Bang (Sweeper . They are not allowed entry to places in the village where people of higher castes live . We will write a custom essay sample on The Caste System- Reaction Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Caste System- Reaction Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Caste System- Reaction Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus they live a very hard and harsh life The Modern society lives with these differentiations and use special terms for these people . They are called Scheduled Castes (SC , Scheduled tribes (SST ) or Other Backward Classes (BBC . The SC is 16 of the population making it 160 million . SST is 8 at million and BBC is 52 with 3000 castes . The caste system has taken the present arm after the British took over the rule of India , in line with the class system of British society The caste system is some what relaxed in urban and metropolitan areas Inter-caste marriages are also common . In arranged marriages , caste of the bride and the groom are cross checked and taken into consideration It is due to influence of higher education that these areas are free of caste rigidity . But rural areas still reel under its effect Political parties and leaders often take caste as an issue , to make it sensitive to meet their ends . The BSP (Bauhaus Assam Party , Swampland Party , Kanata Deal are a few political parties that pampered the caste sentiments and succeeded In winning the elections . Reservations in education and politics have been made by these pollutants leading to wide spread protests and uproar . Amanda Commission recommended by ex-P . M . Mr. . V -P -Sings tried to Implement ten recommendations Ana Take wee spread Protests It NAS seen many educated boys and girls suffer at the hands of these reservation policies . India has witnessed and is still facing many caste related violence . So many have lost their lives in this violence . It has mainly been between upper castes like Thesaurus and Dalais of lower caste Indian Caste System has been under the scanner of criticism since history . The reformers of Indian society in the past have condemned the caste system . Nanas , Kabuki , Djakarta , Ramadan , Ramadan the saints of Backbit cult rejected caste discrimination . Later during Struggle for Freedom in early 19th century , Indian politicians spoke against caste distinctions . Religious leaders Swami Dandy , Swami Vegetarians , Sir Ramekins and politicians Mahatma Gandhi , B . R . Embarked stood against this discriminating system . They were open to people from all castes B . R . Embarked himself from a family of scheduled caste became the writer of Indian Constitution in Independent India The Indian Caste system exhibits a few strong points . It helped in retaining family business , art work and artisans who have been perusing an art for generations . It made the survival of certain forms of art possible . Yet the anomalies and disadvantages far out weigh the advantages . The need for caste system is gradually moving out . The young India , which is eager to get education and use technology for its prosperity , does not want to embrace sate differences . The educated class living in urban India strongly advocates doing away with caste barriers . But under educated and illiterate rural masses still hold on to the belief of division as a policy , which is beneficial to their interests . Perhaps education for the masses is what India needs today to shake off such old systems . It is never advisable that a part of the society be allowed to live a life that is grossly different from the lives of others on this globe Read more: http://www. Nightdresses. Com/essay/caste. System. Essay. 51655#txzz2PSk4zd8S

The Effect of Baroque Music Essays

The Effect of Baroque Music Essays The Effect of Baroque Music Paper The Effect of Baroque Music Paper The Effect of Baroque Music on the Performance of Elementary Students on Problem Solving Task A Research Proposal Submitted to the Faculty College of Liberal Arts Western Mindanao State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Psychological Research I Submitted by: Lilibeth Grifon Christie Annie M. Jalaron Audraiza Macaraya Arlynn Mae Tangon Chapter I Introduction Students’ lives today are filled with large variety of experiences by which they develop either positive or negative attitudes toward certain experiences. Eventually, these attitudes develop into a guide to their behavior. It has been noticed that most school learners are now musically inclined and the need to have a better teaching strategy to facilitate students’ learning abilities is the prime reason why researchers want to pursue this study. This study focuses on the application of background music in the classroom setting to find out if providing music in the environment can have a significant difference in learners’ performance. The influence of music on rates of learning has been the subject of study for many years. Research has confirmed that loud, background noise hinders learning concentration, and information acquisition. Background music is used to provide a welcoming atmosphere and help prepare and motivate students for learning tasks. It can energize lagging attention levels or soothe and calm when necessary. Music in the classroom may have different effects, depending on the strengths and weaknesses of the pupils in the classroom. It may also depend on the existing level of noise at the school and surrounding area. Various researchers reported that kids seem to be vulnerable to excessive noise. For children who are sensitive, environmental noise can be a source of stress. That’s why for the past years, researchers experimented many ways of producing the healthiest sound possible. Several researchers have proven that classical and baroque music with some nature sounds are the most appropriate background music. Some amount of background music may be helpful in the learning process. Original studies in the used of music in learning show that Baroque music was optimal for learning. Another study showed that Baroque music accelerates learning, and enhance both short-term and long-term memory. Baroque music, with its unique rhythmic structure and stability, is particularly conducive to memory, productivity and healthy, stress-free environments (Lawrence, 2001). Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. The original meaning of baroque is irregular pearl. Baroque music forms a major portion of the classical music canon, being widely studied, performed, and listened to. Baroque composers include J. S. Bach, Antonio Vivaldi, Handel, Chopin, Pachelbel and Alboni. Background of the Study Mathematics is a subject where most learners have low achievement. Different reasons are presented on why learners have difficulty in dealing with math subjects. It even came to the point wherein learners cut classes during math subjects. Some respondents stated why they have low interest in math is because they get bored with numbers and teacher’s chalk-board strategy is even reinforcing their boredom. Problem solving is a process of thinking that is directed toward the solution of a specific problem. The process involves the use of problem solving skills. Yet the most difficult to teach in Mathematics is problem solving. Even high school students could hardly solve two-step problems. This is due to poor analysis and understanding of word problems. Proficiency in remediating the problem experienced by the students in this area is an essential skill of a competent educator (Miranda, 2004) One reason of boredom is the lack of interest but more so with the lack of environmental stimulation. Enriched environment is one of the most important factors that educators should look into for the reason that learners are widely curious with different stimuli that will encourage them to do their best in every endeavor. Several researches show that instrumental music can enrich environment and can cause stimulation to learners which is present in the change of their physiological processes. Review of Related Literature This section will discuss the study of the effect of background music in learning. It also includes literature and studies on the effect of music in learning performance. This section will provide scientific evidence that support the claim that music is related to the improvement of mathematical performance. (Tria, Limpingco, Jao, -) concrete operational stage is a period of concrete operational logical thought in number, class and orders (7-11 years old). The child becomes increasingly capable of demonstrating logical thinking in relation to physical objects. A newly acquired capacity of reversibility allow him or her to mentally reverse action that was previously only than physically. The child is now able to mentally hold two or more variables at a time when studying objects and to reconcile apparently contradictory data. He or she becomes more sociocentric, increasingly aware of the views of others. These new mental capacities are demonstrated by a rapid growth in the ability to conserve certain properties and to do relational thinking such as classifying and ordering objects. Mathematical operations are also developed. The child becomes increasingly able to think of physically absent things based on the vivid images of past experiences. The child’s thinking, however, is restricted to concrete thing rather than ideas. (Hurlock, 1982) stated in her book that educators call late childhood the elementary school age. It is the time when the child is expected to acquire the rudiments of knowledge that are considered essential for successful adjustment to adult life. It is also the time when the child is expected to learn certain essential skills, both curricular and extracurricular. Educators also regard late childhood as a critical period in the achievement drive –a time when children form the habit of being achievers, underachievers or overachievers. Once formed, habits of working below, above, or up to one’s capacity tend to persist into adulthood. It has been reported that the level of achievement behavior in childhood is highly corrected with achievement behavior in adulthood. As their world expands with their entrance into school, so do children’s interest. And with this broadening of interest comes an understanding of people and things which formerly had little or no meaning. Children now enter Piaget has called the â€Å"Stage of concrete operations† in thinking, a time when the vague and nebulous concepts of early childhood become specific and concrete. With rapid growth comes a sapping energy. This leads to a disciplination to work and to attitudes of boredom toward any activities that require effort on the individual’s part. While underachievement after begins around the fourth or fifth grade in school, when early enchantment with school gives way to disenchantment, it generally reaches its peak during puberty. Barr and Seashore (as cited in Kong, 2005) says that it is easy to see how active listening can be applied to the steps for teaching toward conceptual change. Once a student has internalized the skills for active listening, they are primed for engaging in an active learning process. The exhibition of this capability is limited by the child’s ability to understand or apply himself to the task. It stressed that researchers and educators have further identified active listening and its component skills as being transferred across disciplines. The ability to listen effectively affects students’ chievement in school, and contributes to the success in life. Music among the multiple intelligences was found invaluable to develop student’s abilities in listening. Insofar as the power of reflective thinking is concern, musical intelligences are like philosophical, mathematical or scientific intelligence. Hodges (2000) outlines the five basic premises that have been derived from neuromusical research. These premises establish a link between the human brain, the ability to learn and the capacity for resilient health. This research supports the long held supposition that music is beneficial to human beings. He states: (1) human brain has the ability to respond to and participate in music; (2) musical brain operates to respond at birth throughout life; (3)early and ongoing musical training affects the organization of the musical brain; (4) musical brain consists of extensive neural systems involving widely distributed, but locally specialized regions of the brain: cognitive components, affective components, and motor components. O’donell (1999) stated that Music from the baroque period causes the heart beat and pulse rate to relax to the beat of music. It affects the amplitude and frequency of brain waves, which can be measured by an electro-encephalogram. Music also affects breathing rate and electrical resistance of the skin. It activates the left and right brain, thus, maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. In addition, he also find out that listening to baroque music before taking a test releases neurons in the brain which will help the body to relax. Its effectiveness can be seen by the results from an IQ test performed on two groups of college students. The first group listened to Mozart music before taking the test. The second group did not listen to music before taking the test. The first group had an average of 119 while the second group had an average of 110 only. In addition, he stated that the key component of music that makes it beneficial is the order. The order of the music from the baroque and classical periods causes the brain to respond in special ways. This order includes repetition and changes, certain patterns of rhythm, and pitch and mood contrasts. The brain works by looking at the different pieces of information and deciding if they are different or the same. This is done in baroque and classical periods by playing a theme and then repeating and changing the theme. The repetition is only done once. More than one repetition causes the music to be come displeasing, and also causes the person to either enter a state of sub-conscious thinking or a state of anger. Accordingly, the human mind shuts down after three or four repetition of rhythm, or a melody, or a harmonic progression. Zatorre (as cited in O’donell, 1999) children pay close attention to subtle variations in tone and timing, which enables them to learn language accent perfectly. Likewise, musical people have increased aptitude in foreign language learning due to an advanced ability in perceiving, processing, and closely reproducing accent. When the brain processes music, this function extends over both hemispheric regions. The primary actuator in this connection is the acoustic cranial nerve which acts as a switching station for cranial nerves. In other words, the acoustic nerve channels not only sound from the ear, but also conduct other sensory inputs together, so our experience of the environment necessarily becomes a synthesis. Shaw and Bodner (as cited in Kliewer, 2003) included in their study the used of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map the regions of a subject’s brain that respond when listening to Mozart and Beethoven, and they found out that all types of music activates the auditory cortex, where the brain process sound, and sometimes trigger parts of the brain that are associated with emotion. But with Mozart and Beethoven’s music, the whole cortex is lighting up. Also, it activates areas of the brain involved in fine motor coordination, vision and other higher thought processes, all of which might be expected to come into play for spatial reasoning. Lawrence (2001) found that several studies used instrumental soothing music tends to help accelerate learning. Examples include the composition of Mozart, Vivaldi, Bach and Handel. These instrumental pieces are called concentration music or relaxation music. Baroque music, with its unique rhythmic structure and stability, is particular conducive to memory, productivity and healthy, stress-free environments. Studies for accelerated learning showed that Baroque music was optimal for learning. This music also provides health benefits such as lower muscle tension, lower blood pressure, and a slower pulse rate. Rauscher et al (1988) determined that listening to 10 minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major briefly increased scores 48% (relative to control groups) on the paper-folding task, a component of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test that measures spatio-temporal reasoning abilities. Moreover, the effects were transient, lasting only about 10 minutes, and performance on non-spatial reasoning tasks was unaffected. Such results seem to be unique to the music of Mozart, whereas music not as highly structured did not have measurable effects. Other researchers have demonstrated that compositions of other classical composers such as J. S. Bach show similar benefits. Lozanov (1960) found that playing Baroque instrumental music (such as that of Handel and J. S. Bach) in the background while teaching foreign language vocabulary greatly increased students speed of learning and degree of memory retention. Music with a meter close to 60 beats per minute was found to be most effective; that this rate closely matches that of a relaxed pulse is thought to be significant. Merrill (1991) got 72 mice and divided them into three groups: the hard rock group, the Mozart group, and the control group who had no music at all. He placed the mice in aquariums, and then started playing music 10 hours a day. He put each mouse through a maze three times a week that originally had taken the mice an average of 10 minutes to complete. Over time, the 24 mice in the control group were able to cut about 5 minutes from their maze completion time. The Mozart mice cut their time back 8 1/2 minutes. The hard rock mice added 20 minutes to their time, a 300% increase in maze-running time from their original average. Unfortunately, the study did not go for long because all hard rock mice killed each other. Hardie (1990) studied the effect of music on mathematics anxiety and achievement. Two different environments were used while students took an Intermediate Algebra exam. One group took the exam in silence, while the other group listened to background music during the exam. There was a significant increase in anxiety for the students tested in silence. Ruvinshteyn and Parrino (as cited in Orel, 2007) says research over the past 40 years, Baroque music pulses between 50-60 beats per minute and has been shown to enhance learning of foreign languages and to improve performances in some types of tests. Because of this, the music has been widely marketed as a learning tool. The faculty members studied two groups of classes at Essex County College. In the first group, the instructor played baroque-style music in the background during the first semester. The second group, taught by the same instructors, was not exposed to music during class time. After the first month, surveys showed that students who listened to music were more likely to enjoy class (86 percent vs. 76 percent) and less likely to find mathematics challenging (33 percent vs. 46 percent). Similar changes were noted in both groups regardless of which instructor taught the course. Preliminary results also indicated an improvement in student grades. Weber (2007) stated that Baroque music accelerates learning and enhances both short-term and long-term memory. Physiological effects of Baroque music on learners includes lowering of the blood pressure slows heart beat, decrease of beta waves by 6% but increase of alpha waves by an average of 6%, and the right and left brain hemispheres of the brain synchronized. As the body becomes relax and alert, the mind is able to concentrate more easily. Mowesian and Heyer (1973) tested the basic arithmetic skills of tenth grade students under five different music style conditions: silence, rock music, folk music, classical-instrumental, and classical-vocal. No significant mean exam score differences were found among the five music conditions. They suggested that because music or some other distracter so frequently accompanies participants studying, music may be assumed to raise their morale (p. 108) and that music may make studying and test-taking less tedious, boring, and anxiety-producing (p. 108). Wolfe (1983) researched the use of four volume levels of music while computing mathematics problems. Participants, 200 undergraduate non-music majors, were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups. The groups were task only (no music), task plus background music at 60 – 70 dB, task plus background music at 70– 80 dB, and task plus background music at 80 – 90 dB. For the three music groups, the music consisted of four instrumental selections from motion picture sound tracks. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of problems completed by each group. Also there was no significant difference in the number of math problems completed correctly among the four groups. The participants were given a questionnaire concerning the effect of the loudness on their ability to complete the task. More participants in the 80 90 decibel music group felt that the loudness of the musical selections seemed to interfere with computing the math problems. Theoretical Framework This study anchors on the theory of human intelligence developed by psychologist Howard Gardner who suggested that there are several ways of perceiving and understanding the world that allow individuals to find and resolve problems they faced. This also interrelates the theory of Burrhus F. Skinner and Edward C. Tolman on the role of environment in learning. In 1983 Howard Gardner, psychology professor at Harvard University, presented his Multiple Intelligence theory based upon many years of research. Promoting the concept that intelligence is not one entity but that there are many different forms of intelligence, Gardner has awakened a revolution in learning. Multiple Intelligence teaching methods recognize eight (though there may be more) forms of intelligence: visual-spatial, linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, and most recently naturalist. Multiple Intelligence teachers strive to broaden students’ familiarity and skill levels in each area. In introducing musical intelligence, Gardner first stands back and identifies its basic core of objective features: rhythm, pitch, harmony, and timbre, but he soon moves closer to dwell on the mysterious emotional power of music. He then presents several kinds of evidence to support his theory that musical ability functions like intelligencewhat composers have called logical musical thinking and the musical mind. Musical abilities illustrate why Gardner rejects the simpler split-brain concept of mind. Although most musical abilities are located in the right hemisphere, trained musicians are likely to draw upon the left hemisphere in solving a task that the novice tackles primarily through the use of right hemisphere mechanisms. The Multiple Intelligence teaching model emphasizes education for understanding rather than rote memory or the mimicking of skills. Practical hands-on skill development is coupled with factual knowledge and the ability to apply skills and information in real-life situations and make meaningful contributions to society. Development of the musical intelligence can be greatly aided by the use of music throughout the curriculum. In addition to learning about musical elements and how to create music, the musical intelligence involves developing an ability to respond to musical sound and the ability to use music effectively in ones life. Edward C. Tolman (1886-1959), in his theory Sign/Purposive Learning indicates that cognitive processes are acquired relationships between environmental stimuli and responses. In his theory, the learner recognizes the significance of a stimulus and its different eatures. By following a series of recognizable signs toward a specific goal, learning becomes purposeful. His definition of stimulus is a perception, it is an environmental event that is processed by the organism, and definition of response is a learned behavior composed of performances. Burrhus F. Skinner (1904-1990), his theory Instrumental Learning contends that the most significant human behavior falls under the general heading of operant behavior, which means that there are observable stimuli that lead to human action. His basic approach is a functional analysis of the relationship between observable behavior and the external variables that identify those elements of the environment associated with the occurrence of a behavior or a response. Manipulation of the environment is involved to produce the desired behavior. Conceptual Framework Since learning is a function of the multiple intelligences inherent in the learner this study looks into the causal relationship between Baroque music and performance in Math problem task. It is said that music enhances the learning process. Figure I represent the conceptual framework of the study. Math Problem Solving ability is an aspect of the logical-mathematical and intelligence which could be affected by environmental stimulation such as the presence of Baroque music while doing a problem solving task. Gender and mental ability as possible factors that may affect problem solving ability are considered as control variables to eliminate their influence on the dependent variable in the study. The Problem Research What is the mean pretest score of the group exposed to Baroque music in the problem-solving task? What is the mean pretest score of the group not exposed to Baroque music in the problem-solving task? What is the mean posttest score of the group exposed to Baroque music in the Math Problem Solving task? What is the mean posttest score of the group not exposed to Baroque music in the Math Problem Solving task? Is there a significant difference in the mean pretest scores between the groups exposed to Baroque music and the group not exposed to Baroque music? Is there a significant difference in the mean posttest scores between the groups exposed to Baroque music and the group not exposed to Baroque music? Hypothesis The following hypothesis are tested in the study: There is no significant difference in the mean pretest scores between the groups exposed and unexposed to Baroque music. There is no significant difference in the posttest scores between groups exposed and unexposed to Baroque music. Definition of Terms Baroque Music- this term is associated with the era and the set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between 1600 to 1750. n this study it refers to the instrumental songs composed by Bach (Hapsichord Concerto in F Minor and Air on G String), Vivaldi (The Four Seasons), Albino (Adagio for Strings in G Minor), and Chopin (Nocturne for Piano No. 9). Performance in Math- this phrase refers to the score obtained in the problem-solving task designed to measure mathematical ability. Gender- refers to the sex of the person whether a girl or a boy. Significance of the Study This study is significant to parents because the results will give the them information how Baroque music can help in enhancing the mathematical ability of their children. Parents will encourage their children to appreciate Baroque music, and play it while reading, studying and doing homework. This also provides the teachers information that music is a powerful tool that they can use in the classroom to promote academic achievement and mental discipline. The intentional use of music in the classroom will set the scene and learning atmosphere to enhance teaching and learning activities. School administrators will know the necessary equipments to produce a better performance from their students. The recommendations made in this research are an attempt to find means and solutions to improve instructional facilities needed in subjects where Mathematics is concerned. Chapter II Methodology Research Design This study will utilize an experimental design to investigate the difference in the mathematical problem solving performance of pupils exposed to baroque style of music and those who are not exposed. The pre-test posttest non-equivalent comparison groups quasi-experimental design will be the method of investigation. This design is illustrated bellow: Group 1 01 X03 Group 2 02 04 The above diagram means that group 1 serves as the experimental group and receives the treatment (X). In this study X will be the baroque music. Group 2 will be the control group and does not receive the treatment. 01 and 02 correspond to the pretest while 03 and 04 correspond to the posttest of the control and experimental groups. Population and Sampling Procedure The total population of the Grade Six pupils of Zamboanga City Polytechnic State College is 34 and composed of only one section. Two groups will be used as respondents of the study, one for control and one for experimental. The assignment as to which one will be experimental or control will be done be random. Total enumeration will be used for the number of pupils in the class. Instrumentation An objective type of Math Achievement Test will serve as the instrument to measure Mathematical performance of Grade Six pupils. This will be administered at the start and end at the experimental sessions. Before the administration of the test the self-constructed Math test will be submitted to a panel of experts. Methodological Limitation This study is limited to the investigation of the effect of Baroque music to Mathematics Problem Solving test of the Grade Six Pupils of Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College, located at Baliwasan Chico, Zamboanga City. Data Collection Procedure A. Pre-experimental Phase Permission will be sought from the principal of the Elementary school of Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College to allow the researches to conduct the study. Preparation of the materials such as CD player and the disc containing the song/entitled Harpsichord Concerto in F Minor and Air on G String, The Four Seasons, Adagio for Strings in G Minor, Nocturne for Piano No. , which are Baroque style of musical copies of test instrument. Setting the classrooms that will be used in the conduct of experiments. The classroom setting shall be arranged in such a way that quiet, well ventilated and well-lighted conditions prevail. Discuss and orient with the Math teachers who will serve as confederates of the researchers. They will be briefed on the purpose and mechanics of the research project. This will be done after Math teachers consent to the proposal. B. Experimental Phase The experiment will begin upon opening the school year 2007-2008. he duration of the experimental will be for four weekly class sessions in Math subjects. The assignment as to which class will receive the treatment or serve as experimental groups and control group will be done by random. At the start of the experiment, the Math Achievement Test will be administered to both groups. Results of the test will serve as the pretest component of the experiment. Control Group Condition After the pretest has been conducted, the Math problem solving tasks of Math shall be done without background music. After four weeks a Math Achievement Test will be administered as posttest measure. Experimental Group Condition For this group, Math Problem Solving Task shall be done while baroque music is being played as background music. Data Analysis Procedure Data gathered from the study will be quantitatively analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Computation of the pretest posttest mean scores in the Math Achievement test will be conducted. Mean differences in the pre-test posttest Math Achievement scores between the experimental and control group will be analyzed using t-test.

Free Essays on A Tale of Two Cities

A brilliant plot was laid out by the author, Charles Dickens, in the novel â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities.† Revolving around the troubled times of the French Revolution in France and England, characters outline the foundation of a plot that involves: love, revenge, evil, courage, and sacrifice. The concluding chapters of this novel ultimately shows how the evil effects of revenge can bring out one’s bad side, and also ends with the central protagonist sacrificing his own life for his love and his friendship. In my opinion, I liked how in the end, Sydney Carton, one of the main characters in this novel, sees a better world before entering the guillotine, thinking not of himself, seeing a world where he gave to others. Sydney Carton is a character that helps weave an interesting and dramatic plot. He is first introduced as a frustrated, immature alcoholic, but in the end, he made the ultimate sacrifice for a good friend. Carton was a look-a-like of Charles Darnay, a languid protagonist that has a tendency to get arrested. Though Carton’s character changed overwhelmingly throughout this novel. Carton loved the same woman as Charles Darnay was married to, Lucie Manette. During the middle of the Revolutionary War, Darnay is arrested in France for being an enemy at the state. Because of two antagonists who happens to be key leaders of the French Revolution wanting to seek revenge on Darnay’s family, Darnay is sentenced the death penalty. With his everlasting love for Lucie, and mended friendship with Charles, Carton saved Lucie and her father from being murdered by one of the key leaders, and gets into the prison in which Darnay was held. Carton made a sacrifice by attending the guillotine in place of Charles since he looked so much like him. Throughout the novel, there are many action scenes that occur in Bastille, Tellson’s Bank, the home of the Manettes, and the streets of Paris. But the best parts of the book was when... Free Essays on A Tale Of Two Cities Free Essays on A Tale Of Two Cities In Act I of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Denmark is portrayed as being in a state of political and social unrest. The character Horatio helps to convey this state of unrest and to foreshadow, through his words and actions, impending war with Norway and possible turmoil for the country. The new King Claudius proves himself to be an inferior leader through his dishonest speech and riotous, disgraceful behavior; he is the leader of the nation and therefore represents the state of the nation. In the first scene, the guards are on duty outside of the castle when the ghost of the dead King Hamlet appears. Horatio asserts that the ghost brings words of caution to the men that the county is headed for some sort of struggle, which probably means an attack from Norway. Horatio also speaks of Hamlet’s battles with King Fortinbras of Norway; Hamlet had conquered much of Fortinbras’ land, so now the Norwegian king’s predecessors seek to win that land back. The appearance of deceased King Hamlet is, in itself, a sign of something wrong in Denmark, as any country that has recently lost a king must have some unrest. The fact that Horatio thinks upon first sight of the ghost that it must bring a warning to the men about the possibility of conflict with another nation is a sign of unrest in Denmark, as Horatio would probably have to have a preconceived idea that the nation should expect some sort of trouble to be convinced that the ghost brings such a warn ing. Horatio’s account of the past battles between Denmark and Norway and the fact that those who now rule Norway are seeking to regain the land they lost to Denmark are direct evidence that Denmark is going to be attacked by Norway. After seeing the ghost, Horatio makes an allusion to Rome before the fall of Julius Caesar; A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, The graves stood tenantless, and the sheeted dead ... Free Essays on A Tale of Two Cities A brilliant plot was laid out by the author, Charles Dickens, in the novel â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities.† Revolving around the troubled times of the French Revolution in France and England, characters outline the foundation of a plot that involves: love, revenge, evil, courage, and sacrifice. The concluding chapters of this novel ultimately shows how the evil effects of revenge can bring out one’s bad side, and also ends with the central protagonist sacrificing his own life for his love and his friendship. In my opinion, I liked how in the end, Sydney Carton, one of the main characters in this novel, sees a better world before entering the guillotine, thinking not of himself, seeing a world where he gave to others. Sydney Carton is a character that helps weave an interesting and dramatic plot. He is first introduced as a frustrated, immature alcoholic, but in the end, he made the ultimate sacrifice for a good friend. Carton was a look-a-like of Charles Darnay, a languid protagonist that has a tendency to get arrested. Though Carton’s character changed overwhelmingly throughout this novel. Carton loved the same woman as Charles Darnay was married to, Lucie Manette. During the middle of the Revolutionary War, Darnay is arrested in France for being an enemy at the state. Because of two antagonists who happens to be key leaders of the French Revolution wanting to seek revenge on Darnay’s family, Darnay is sentenced the death penalty. With his everlasting love for Lucie, and mended friendship with Charles, Carton saved Lucie and her father from being murdered by one of the key leaders, and gets into the prison in which Darnay was held. Carton made a sacrifice by attending th e guillotine in place of Charles since he looked so much like him. Throughout the novel, there are many action scenes that occur in Bastille, Tellson’s Bank, the home of the Manettes, and the streets of Paris. But the best parts of the book was when... Free Essays on A Tale of Two Cities ‘Imagery' I ask you to believe that he has a heart that he very, very seldom reveals, and that there are deep wounds in it. My dear, I have seen it bleeding." Charles Dickens uses different stylistic techniques when he writes but the most effective technique is imagery. All the different uses of imagery that Dickens' uses creates different images, moods, and feelings on how the reader takes in the book. Different kinds of imagery that he uses is animal imagery, water imagery, and blood imagery. One example of imagery that Dickens' uses is blood imagery. In the novel, "A Tale of Two Cities" the use of blood imagery is very important. A number of events are foreshadowed through blood imagery. A wine cask had broken in the streets of St. Antoine which gathered everybody in the street to come and drink it. Everyone gathered until the very last drop of the wine was finished. "The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antione, in Paris, where it was spilled. It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes. The hands of the man who sawed the wood left red marks on the billets; and the forehead of the woman who nursed her baby was stained with the stain of the old rag she wound her head again." (Dickens, pg 37) This is an example of blood imagery and of how the streets and the people were going to be covered in blood because of the revolution that was coming. Another example of b lood imagery is, "No sooner was the acquittal pronounced, than tears were shed as freely as blood at another time, and such fraternal embraces were bestowed upon the prisoner by as many of both sexes as could rush at him........."(Dickens, 282) This quote is talking about the coming revolution that is going to take place and how much bloodshed that will take place. This at least gives the reader more suspenseful and more images to expand their readi... Free Essays on A Tale Of Two Cities Recalled to Life Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities has a dual background, the French Revolution and England. Dickens used this background of revolution to add suspense and strength to the characters’ sprit. The characters who are â€Å"recalled to life†, a resurrection reference, are strong willed and courageous. These three men who are â€Å"recalled to life† are: Doctor Manette, Charles Darnay, and Sydney Carton, (7-10,374-380). Doctor Manette is the first one who is â€Å"recalled to life.† He is very upset after being in prison for eighteen years. In those eighteen years of prison, it has made him unable to recall where things are or how to do things, (7-10). He is then insane from being locked up for so long and requires the care that his daughter Lucie and Lorry, an agent for Tellson’s Bank, (24-31). Lucie and Mr. Lorry take care of Doctor Manette and â€Å"recall him to life.† In the long run, Doctor Manette gets his life back or gets to start over, (42-53). The second person who is â€Å"recalled to life†, is Charles Darnay. He is on trial for treason in England and may be put to death, (63-69). Sydney Carton, Darnay’s double saves Darnay from imprisonment and death, telling the people that Carton and Darnay look alike so how would they really know who did it. Through that Darnay is given another change to life, and is then â€Å"recalled to life,†(79-83). The last and important instance of someone being â€Å"recalled to life† is Sydney Carton. He has recently switched places with Darnay and now is awaiting his turn at the guillotine, (353-371). While awaiting his death, he realizes what he is doing is the best thing that he has ever done and would not change anything. He is going to give his life for the one that he loves and cares about. Sydney is satisfied with himself and is no longer a drunken fool, but a hero that now can love himself. By dying and saving Darnay for Lucie, Carton is â€Å"recalled to lif...

Harvard Style References Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harvard Style References - Essay Example Its provisions are centred on the basic requirements of a particular component in the building rather than the whole building requirements. Building construction in Qatar can be generally classified into Type II (Non-combustible) if not Type I (Fire Resistive) constructions. Due to the climatic condition in the country in which a temperature of more than 50 ËšC is reached during peak summertime, buildings of Type III (Limited Combustible) and Type IV (Heavy Timber) constructions whose conditions to easily catch fire can be aggravated by the dry summer season are rarely built in Qatar. Application of the NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, and the Qatar Construction Standard are implemented strictly in Qatar. GDCD implements in full the provisions of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, to establish specific requirements for means of egress. While all concepts incorporated in the code are important, means of egress could be singled out as the most important of them all as this is the last recourse where all of the fire safety strategies (prevention, communication, containment and extinguishment) fail. The ability of the occupants to quickly and efficiently exit the building is often the difference between life and death. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System, is the main standard used by QDCD to establish specific requirements for automatic sprinkler system design and installation in buildings. The local fire safety standard establishes the criteria when automatic sprinkler system is required. NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, is used by GDCD to establish minimum requirements for the design and installation of Standpipes or Rising Mains, the term used in the local Fire Safety Standard. The local fire safety standards prescribe the criteria when standpipe is required and the type of standpipe is required for a particular building. The location or placement